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[[Image:Viper-v10.JPG|thumb|250px|right|The [[Dodge Viper]] V10]]

A '''V10 engine''' is a [[V engine]] with 10 [[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]]s in two banks of five with a distinct exhaust note.

== Mechanics ==

The V10 layout is essentially the result of mating two even-firing [[straight-5 engine]]s together. The straight-5 engine shows first and second order rocking motion. Here it should be assumed that the crankshaft with low second-order vibration is used and the first order is balanced by a balance shaft. By mating the straight-5 banks at 90 degrees and using five throws the balance shafts balance each other and become null. The firing sequence is odd (BMW M5, Dodge Viper). Using an 18° split journal crankshaft the firing order can be made even, and the two balanced shaft do not balance each other completely, but are combined into a single very small balance shaft (Lamborghini Gallardo, [[Ford Modular engine#6.8&nbsp;L V10|Ford 6.8 V10]]). Using a five-throw crankshaft and 72° bank angle the firing order can be made even, and the two balanced shafts do not balance each other completely, but are combined into a single <!-- compared to the last sentence: not as small --> small balance shaft (Lexus LF-A). <!-- OR :-( . I would definitively like a source for this. But as it stands this is no controversial topic and the two sentences just serve to stop the reader thinking about an ideal V10 --> A 36° degree bank angle and a 108° flying arm crankshaft would allow even firing without a balance shaft and smaller counterweights, but would be impractical.

The V10 configuration is not an [[Engine balance|inherently balanced]] design like a straight-6, [[V12 engine|V-12]], flat-6, straight-8, or a cross-plane V-8 (ignoring the counterweights) and does still have a small second order rocking motion, which can only be compensated by two additional balance shafts.

==Road cars==
Until recently, the V10 configuration was not a common configuration for road cars.

[[Dodge]] was the first to develop a modern V10 engine,{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} originally designing a version of its [[Chrysler LA engine|LA series small block]] for use in trucks. The [[Dodge]] engine saw its first production use in substantially revised form in the [[Dodge Viper]] while the truck version of the engine was used starting in 1994 in the [[Dodge Ram]]. It discontinued in that application after 2003. However, 2003 also saw the introduction of the [[Dodge Ram SRT-10]], a performance model meant to rival Ford's successful V8 powered [[Ford SVT Lightning|F-150 SVT Lightning]]. The Viper engine (a 90-degree engine with odd firing order to obviate the need for a balance shaft) has been tweaked through the years, and now produces {{convert|600|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} (447&nbsp;kW) in a standard state of tune from its 8.4 liter displacement. The engine is also used by [[Bristol Cars|Bristol]], in tuned form, in their two-seat [[Bristol Fighter (car)|Fighter]] [[coupe]], where it can produce upward of {{convert|630|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} (470&nbsp;kW).

Ford also developed a heavy-duty V10 version of their [[Ford Triton engine#6.8 Triton V10|Triton]] engine to replace the [[Ford 385 engine|460 big block]] in truck applications. It was introduced in the [[Ford E-Series|E-Series/Econoline]] full-size [[van]], and also saw duty in the [[Ford F-Series|F-Series Super Duty]] line and the [[Ford Excursion]] SUV, and is still in production in 2011.
[[Image:BMW_M5_V10_Engine.jpg|thumb|E60 [[BMW M5]] V10 ([[BMW S85|S85]])]]

[[Europe]]an [[marque]]s were slower to adopt the V10 configuration. However, high-revving V10 power-plants were incorporated into supercars from [[Lamborghini]] and [[Porsche]].  [[BMW]] and [[Audi]] later unveiled ten-cylinder versions of their mid-range saloons (the BMW 5-Series and Audi A6 families, respectively). [[Volkswagen]] also developed a [[turbodiesel]] V10; their [[Volkswagen Phaeton]] was the first production sedan to have a V10.  

A list of post-war V10-engined [[automobile|production cars]] (sorted alphabetically by manufacturer, sub-sorted by year of introduction):
* [[Audi S6#C6|Audi S6 (C6)]] - 5.2 [[liter]]
* [[Audi RS6#C6|Audi RS6 (C6)]] - 5.0 L [[twin-turbo|bi-turbo]]
* [[Audi S8#D3|Audi S8 (D3)]] - 5.2 L
* [[Audi R8 (road car)|Audi R8]] - 5.2 L
* [[BMW M5#E60|BMW M5 (E60)]] - 5.0 L
* [[BMW M6]] - 5.0 L
* [[Bristol Fighter (car)|Bristol Fighter]]
* [[Devon GT X]] (Dodge V10)
* [[Dodge Viper]] (the first modern V-10-engined car){{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}
* [[Dodge Ram|Dodge Ram 2500/3500 Heavy Duty]] (pickup trucks)
* [[Dodge Ram SRT10|Dodge Ram SRT-10]] (pickup truck)
* [[Ford Econoline|Ford E-350]] (full-size van)
* [[Ford Super Duty]] (pickup trucks)
* [[Ford Excursion]] (3/4 ton [[SUV]])
* [[Lexus LFA]] - 4.8 L<ref>{{cite web|last=Sidhu |first=Harvinder |url=http://paultan.org/2009/10/21/552-horsepower-lexus-lfa-launched-all-you-need-to-know/ |title=552hp Lexus LFA launched - all you need to know |publisher=Paultan.org |date= |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref>
* [[Lamborghini Gallardo]] - 5.0 L (5.2 L for LP560-4)
* [[Lamborghini Sesto Elemento]] - 5.2 L (Concept)
* [[Porsche Carrera GT]] - 5.7 L
* [[Volkswagen Touareg]] (a [[Turbodiesel | turbo-diesel]])
* [[Volkswagen Phaeton]] (a [[Turbodiesel | turbo-diesel]])
* [[Wiesmann MF GT 5]] (BMW S85-B50)

== Racing ==

The most widespread use of the V10 has been in [[Formula One]] racing. [[Alfa Romeo]] made the first modern Formula One V10 in [[1986 Formula One season|1986]], although it was never used in a Formula One car.<ref name="velocetoday.com">{{cite web|url=http://velocetoday.com/cars/cars_134.php|title=164 Pro-Car|accessdate=2007-12-28|work=velocetoday.com}}</ref> Later the configuration was introduced by [[Honda F1|Honda]] and [[Renault F1|Renault]] before the [[1989 Formula One season|1989]] season. The introduction of the 3.5 litre rule after [[turbocharger|turbos]] were outlawed following [[1988 Formula One season|1988]] made the V10 seem the best compromise between the V8 and V12. V10 engines became commonplace after the reduction from 3.5 to 3 liters in [[1995 Formula One season|1995]], and were used exclusively by teams from [[1998 Formula One season|1998]] to [[2005 Formula One season|2005]]. [[Renault F1|Renault]] had a more flat 110° angle in [[2002 Formula One season|2002]] and [[2003 Formula One season|2003]], but reverted to a more conventional 72° following the change in rules which dictated that an engine must last two race weekends. In a further change to the rules, V10s were banned for the [[2006 Formula One season|2006]] season onwards in favor of 2.4 liter V8s, however a concession was made in that season for teams to use significantly [[rev limiter|rev limited]] V10s; [[Scuderia Toro Rosso]] being the only team to use this option.

There are also cars with V10 engines in [[sports car racing]], usually with [[Judd (engine)|Judd]] power plants with 4 or 5 liter engines, made available for customers, although the first V10 was seen in the works [[Peugeot 905]] and the Works [[Toyota TS010]] , in the final races of the [[1990 World Sportscar Championship season]].

== References / sources ==
{{Refimprove|date=December 2007}}
{{Reflist}}


==Links==
{{Piston engine configurations}}
{{wikipedia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:V10 Engine}}

[[Category:Piston engine configurations]]