Toyota

{{Infobox company
| company_name    = Toyota Motor Corporation<br/><small>''Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki-gaisha''<br/>トヨタ自動車株式会社</small>
| company_logo    = [[Image:Toyota.svg|250px|Toyota Motor Corporation logo]]
| company_type    = Public<br />{{tyo|7203}}<br />{{lse|TYT}}<br />{{nyse|TM}}
| foundation      = August 28, 1937
| founder         = Kiichiro Toyoda
| location        = Toyota City, Aichi, Japan
| area_served     = Worldwide
| key_people      = Fujio Cho <small>(Chairman and Representative Director)</small>
Katsuaki Watanabe <small>(Vice chairman and Representative Director)</small>
Akio Toyoda <small>(President and Representative Director)</small>
Shoichiro Toyoda <small>(Honorary Chairman)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/executives/index.html |title=Company > Company Profile |publisher=TOYOTA |date=1999-02-22 |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>
| industry         = [[Automotive]]<br>[[Robotics]]<br>[[Financial services]]
| num_employees    = 317,734 <small>(2010)</small><ref name="Databook2010">{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2010/databook_en_2010.pdf |title=Toyota In The World 2010 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>
| products         = [[Automobiles]]<br>Financial Services
|divisions         = [[Lexus]]<br>[[Scion (automobile)|Scion]]
| subsid           = 522 (Toyota Group) [[Hino Motors, Ltd.]], [[Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd.]], Toyota Financial Services, [[DENSO]], [[Toyota Industries]]
| net_income       = {{gain}} {{yen|209.4 billion}} (FY2010)<ref name="FinancialSummaryFY2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/ir/financial_results/2010/year_end/summary.pdf |title=Financial Summary FY2010: Toyota Motor Company |accessdate=2010-08-27 |year=2010 |month=May}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{gain}} {{yen|147.5 billion}} (FY2010)<ref name="FinancialSummaryFY2010"/>
| equity           = {{gain}} {{yen|10.3 trillion}} (FY2010)<ref name="FinancialSummaryFY2010"/>
| revenue          = {{decrease}} {{yen|18.9 trillion}} (FY2010)<ref name="FinancialSummaryFY2010"/> ({{USD|228+ billion}})
| market cap       =  {{yen|11.3 trillion}} (31 May 2010)<ref name="Nikkei">http://e.nikkei.com/e/cf/ac/market/companyoverview.cfm?scode=7203</ref> ({{USD|136+ billion}})
| parent           = [[Toyota Group]]
| assets           = {{gain}} {{yen|30.3 trillion}} ({{USD|360+ billion}})
 (FY2010)<ref name="FinancialSummaryFY2010"/>
| homepage         = [http://www.toyota-global.com/ Toyota Global]
| intl             =  yes
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Toyota Motor Corporation'''|Japanese: トヨタ自動車株式会社|Toyota Jidōsha  [[Kabushiki gaisha|KK]]|{{IPA-ja|toꜜjota|IPA}}<ref>{{IPA-en|tɔɪˈjoʊtə}}</ref>|{{tyo|7203}}}}, {{lse|TYT}}, {{nyse|TM}},  commonly known simply as '''Toyota''' and abbreviated as '''TMC''', is a multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In 2010, Toyota Motor Corporation employed 317,734 people worldwide .<ref name="Databook2010"/> TMC is the world's largest automobile manufacturer by sales<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/21/AR2009012101216.html | work=The Washington Post | title=Toyota Passes GM as World's Largest Automaker | first=Kendra | last=Marr | date=2009-01-22 | accessdate=2010-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Korzeniewski |first=Jeremy |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/01/21/toyota-finally-displaces-gm-as-worlds-largest-automaker/ |title=No Dispute: Toyota displaces GM as world's largest automaker — Autoblog |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=2009-01-21 |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> and production.<ref name="TTAC_Top_3"/>

The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 as a spinoff from his father's company [[Toyota Industries]] to create [[automobile]]s. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of [[Toyota Industries]], it created its first product, the [[Toyota Type A engine|Type A engine]], and, in 1936, its first passenger car, the [[Toyota AA]]. Toyota Motor Corporation group companies are Toyota (including the [[Scion (automobile)|Scion]] brand), [[Lexus]], [[Daihatsu]] and [[Hino Motors]],<ref name="Toyota: Automotive">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/index_automotive.html |title=Toyota: Automotive |accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref> along with several "non-automotive" companies.<ref name="Toyota: Non-Automotive">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/index_non_automotive.html |title=Toyota: Non-Automotive |accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref> TMC is part of the [[Toyota Group]], one of the largest conglomerates in the world.

Toyota Motor Corporation is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi and in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japan-zone.com/modern/company6.shtml |title=Modern Japan – Japan Inc. – Companies (6) |publisher=Japan-zone.com |date=2006-11-16 |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> It's Tokyo head office is located at 1-4-18 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8701, Japan. Nagoya Office at 4-7-1 Meieki, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture. In addition to manufacturing automobiles, Toyota provides financial services through its Toyota Financial Services division and also builds robots.

==Company overview==
[[File:Toyota Headquarter Toyota City.jpg|right|thumb|Toyota headquarters in Toyota City, Japan]]
Vehicles were originally sold under the name "Toyoda" (トヨダ), from the family name of the company's founder, Kiichirō Toyoda. In September 1936, the company ran a public competition to design a new logo. Out of 27,000 entries the winning entry was the three Japanese katakana letters for "Toyoda" in a circle. But Risaburō Toyoda, who had married into the family and was not born with that name, preferred "Toyota" ({{nihongo2|トヨタ}}) because it took eight brush strokes (a fortuitous number) to write in Japanese, was visually simpler (leaving off the diacritic at the end) and with a voiceless consonant instead of a voiced one (voiced consonants are considered to have a "murky" or "muddy" sound compared to voiceless consonants, which are "clear"). Since "Toyoda" literally means "fertile rice paddies", changing the name also prevented the company being associated with old-fashioned farming. The newly formed word was trademarked and the company was registered in August 1937 as the "Toyota Motor Company".<ref name=Davis>"The Long Run — Toyota: The first 40 years in Australia", Pedr Davis, South Hurstville: Type Forty Pty Ltd, 1999, ISBN 0947079998, p24.</ref><ref name=fiftyyears64>"Toyota: A history of the First 50 Years", Toyota Motor Corporation, 1988, ISBN 0-517-61777-3, p64.</ref><ref name=Dawson>Dawson, Chester (2004). "Lexus: The Relentless Pursuit", Singapore: John Wiley &amp; Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2004, ISBN 0-470-82110-8, p12.</ref>

In predominantly Chinese-speaking countries or regions using traditional Chinese characters, e.g. Hong Kong and Taiwan, Toyota is known as "豊田".<ref name="Crown Motors">{{cite web|url=http://www.crown-motors.com/tch/corpinfo/story.aspx|title=Crown Motors Ltd. (Hong Kong) Corporate Information|accessdate=2010-03-19|year=2010|language=Chinese}}</ref> In predominantly Chinese speaking countries using simplified Chinese characters (e.g. China), Toyota is known as "丰田"<ref name=ToyotaChina>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.com.cn/ |title=Toyota China |publisher=Toyota.com.cn |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> (pronounced as "Fēngtián" in [[Mandarin Chinese]] ). These are the same characters as the founding family's name "Toyoda" in Japanese, which translate to "fertile rice paddies" in the Chinese language as well.

From September 1947, Toyota's small-sized vehicles were sold under the name "Toyopet" (トヨペット).<ref name=archive96>Toyota archives [http://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://toyota.jpn.org/archives/96 (English)][http://toyota.jpn.org/archives/96 (Japanese)]</ref> The first vehicle sold under this name was the [[Toyota SA|Toyopet SA]]<ref name=fiftyyears102>"Toyota: A history of the First 50 Years", Toyota Motor Corporation, 1988, ISBN 0-517-61777-3, p102.</ref> but it also included vehicles such as the [[Toyota SB|Toyopet SB]] light truck, [[Toyota Stout|Toyopet Stout]] light truck,<ref name=stout>"Toyota Truck 48HP", Toyota brochure No. 228, Japan</ref> [[Toyota Crown|Toyopet Crown]] and the [[Toyota Corona|Toyopet Corona]]. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets.<ref name=America50Toyopet>[http://www.toyota.com/50th/pdf/toyopet.pdf Toyota's 50th Anniversary in America — Toyopet], retrieved on 4 August 2008</ref> The name was soon dropped for the American market but continued in other markets until the mid 1960s.

[[File:09 Toyota Corolla.jpg|thumb|right|With over 30 million sold, the [[Toyota Corolla|Corolla]] is one of the most popular and best selling cars in the world.]]
The Toyota Motor Company received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of [[Toyota Motor Corporation#Motorsport history|motorsport]]s. Due to the [[1973 oil crisis]], consumers in the lucrative US market began turning to small cars with better fuel economy. American car manufacturers had considered small economy cars to be an "entry level" product, and their small vehicles employed a low level of quality in order to keep the price low.

By the early sixties, the US had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles. The Chicken tax of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported [[light truck]]s.<ref name="wsjtransit">{{cite news
  | title = To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans
  | publisher = The Wall Street Journal, Matthew Dolan, September 22, 2009
  | url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125357990638429655.html
| date=2009-09-23}}</ref> In response to the tariff, Toyota, [[Nissan Motors|Nissan Motor Co.]] and [[Honda|Honda Motor Co.]] began building plants in the US by the early eighties.<ref name="wsjtransit"/>

In 1982, the Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. Two years later, Toyota entered into a joint venture with [[General Motors]] called [[NUMMI]], the ''New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc,'' operating an automobile-manufacturing plant in Fremont, California. The factory was an old General Motors plant that had been closed for two years. Toyota then started to establish new brands at the end of the 1980s, with the launch of their luxury division [[Lexus]] in 1989.

In the 1990s, Toyota began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup, including a full-sized pickup, the [[Toyota T100|T100]] (and later the [[Toyota Tundra|Tundra]]); several lines of SUVs; a sport version of the [[Toyota Camry|Camry]], known as the [[Toyota Solara|Camry Solara]]; and the [[Scion (car)|Scion]] brand, a group of several affordable, yet sporty, automobiles targeted specifically to young adults. Toyota also began production of the world's best-selling hybrid car, the [[Toyota Prius|Prius]], in 1997.

With a major presence in Europe, due to the success of [[Toyota Team Europe]], the corporation decided to set up [[Toyota Motor Europe|TMME]], ''Toyota Motor Europe Marketing & Engineering'', to help market vehicles in the continent. Two years later, Toyota set up a base in the United Kingdom, ''[[TMUK]]'', as the company's cars had become very popular among British drivers. Bases in Indiana, Virginia and Tianjin were also set up. In 1999, the company decided to list itself on the New York and London Stock Exchanges.

[[File:Toyota-Deutschland in Koeln-Marsdorf.jpg|thumb|Toyota Deutschland's headquarters in Cologne]]
In 2001, Toyota's Toyo Trust and Banking merged with two other banks to form UFJ Bank, which was accused of corruption by the Japan's government for making bad loans to alleged Yakuza crime syndicates with executives accused of blocking Financial Service Agency inspections.<ref>[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/weekly/news/nn2005/nn20050430a4.htm Ex-UFJ Execs].''Japan Times Weekly'': April 30, 2005.</ref> The UFJ was listed among ''Fortune Magazine's'' largest money-losing corporations in the world, with Toyota's chairman serving as a director.<ref>[http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/52/52290.html UFJ Holdings Inc., company profile] ''Yahoo Finance''. Retrieved on May 8, 2007.</ref> At the time, the UFJ was one of the largest shareholders of Toyota. As a result of Japan's banking crisis, UFJ merged with the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi to become the [[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group]].

In 2002, Toyota managed to enter a Formula One works team and establish joint ventures with French motoring companies [[Citroën]] and [[Peugeot]] a year after Toyota started producing cars in France.

Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the world's leading companies for the year 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/results.jhtml?passListId=18&passYear=2004&passListType=Company&searchParameter1=unset&searchParameter2=unset&resultsStart=1&resultsHowMany=100&resultsSortProperties=%2Bnumberfield1%2C%2Bstringfield2&resultsSortCategoryName=rank&passKeyword=&category1=category&category2=category&fromColumnClick=true|title=Forbes Global 2000|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=2008-12-27}}</ref> The company was number one in global automobile sales for the first quarter of 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/cars-trucks/daily-news/080424-Toyota-Claims-World-s-Best-Selling-Automaker-Title/|title=Toyota Claims World's Best-Selling Automaker Title|date=2008-04-24|work=Automotive|publisher=US News|accessdate=2008-12-27}}</ref>

On December 7, 2004, a US press release was issued stating that Toyota would be offering [[Sirius Satellite Radio]]s. However, as late as January 27, 2007, [[Sirius Satellite Radio]] and [[XM]] Satellite radio kits were not available for Toyota factory radios.  While the press release enumerated nine models, only limited availability existed at the dealer level in the US.  As of 2008, all Toyota and Scion models have either standard or available XM radio kits. Major Lexus dealerships have been offering satellite radio kits for Lexus vehicles since 2005, in addition to factory-equipped satellite radio models.

In 2007, Toyota released an update of its full size truck, the [[Toyota Tundra|Tundra]], produced in two American factories, one in Texas and one in Indiana.  "Motor Trend" named the Tundra "Truck of the Year," and the 2007 [[Toyota Camry]] "Car of the Year" for 2007. It also began the construction of two new factories, one to build the [[Toyota RAV4|RAV4]] in Woodstock, Ontario, Canada and the other to build the [[Toyota Prius]] in Blue Springs, Mississippi, USA. This plant was originally intended to build the [[Toyota Highlander]], but Toyota decided to use the plant in [[Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana|Princeton, Indiana, USA]], instead.  The company has also found recent success with its smaller models—the Corolla and Yaris—as gas prices have risen rapidly in the last few years.

==Logo and branding==
[[File:1936 Toyoda Model AA 03.jpg|thumb|A replica of the 1936 Toyota Model AA, with the original Toyoda logo]]
In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line.  After receiving 27,000 entries, one was selected that additionally resulted in a change of its monikor to "Toyota" from the family name "Toyoda."  It was believed that the new name sounded better and its eight-stroke count in the Japanese language was associated with wealth and good fortune.  The original logo no longer is found on its vehicles but remains the corporate emblem used in Japan.

Still, there were no guidelines for the use of the brand name, "TOYOTA", which was used throughout most of the world, which led to inconsistencies in its worldwide marketing campaigns.

To remedy this, Toyota introduced a new worldwide logo in October 1989 to commemorate the 50th year of the company, and to differentiate it from the newly released luxury Lexus brand. The logo made its debut on the 1989 Toyota Celsior and quickly gained worldwide recognition.   There are three ovals in the new logo that combine to form the letter "T", which stands for Toyota.  The overlapping of the two perpendicular ovals inside the larger oval represent the mutually beneficial relationship and trust that is placed between the customer and the company while the larger oval that surrounds both of these inner ovals represent the "global expansion of Toyota's technology and unlimited potential for the future."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/vision/traditions/nov_dec_04.html |title=Company > Vision & Philosophy > Nov/Dec 2004 |publisher=TOYOTA |date= |accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref><ref>http://www.toyota-global.com/showroom/emblem/passion/</ref>

The logo started appearing on all printed material, advertisements, dealer signage, and the vehicles themselves in 1990.

===Marketing===
{{Globalize/USA|section| date=February 2011}}
[[File:MEGAWEB 05.jpg|thumb|MEGAWEB, Toyota's permanent exhibition showroom and museum in Odaiba, Tokyo]]
Toyota's marketing efforts have focused on emphasizing the positive experiences of ownership and vehicle quality.<ref name=market>{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-170590405/toyota-ad-constants-stress.html|title=Article: Toyota's ad constants: Stress quality, seek a feel-good connection|publisher=Automotive News|accessdate=2009-12-15|last=Connelly|first=Mary | date=2007-10-29}}</ref> The ownership experience has been targeted in slogans such as "Oh, what a feeling!" (1978–1985, in the US),<ref name=market/> "Who could ask for anything more" (1986–1989), "I love what you do for me, Toyota!" (1990–1997), "Everyday" (1997–2000)", "Get the feeling!" (2001–2004), and "Moving Forward" (2004–present).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-13515535_ITM|title=Article: Toyota hopes to continue "Moving Forward" with new ad campaign.|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=2009-12-15|last=|first= | work=The America's Intelligence Wire | date=2004-09-28}}</ref>

Recently, Toyota's new United States marketing strategy has included such hits as "Swagger Wagon" <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/user/Sienna |title=Kanaal van Sienna |publisher=YouTube |date=2005-11-17 |accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref> and the marketing for the new Avalon,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFU_oAHG8PI |title=Toyota Avalon Plane TV commercial |publisher=YouTube |date=2010-04-13 |accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref>  which includes a throwback to the "old days of travel."

==Leadership==
President of Toyota Motor Industries:
*Rizaburo Toyoda (1937-1941)
*Kiichiro Toyoda (1941-1950)
*Taizo Ishida (1950-1961)
*Fukio Nakagawa (1961-1967)
*[[Eiji Toyoda]] (1967-1981)

President of Toyota Motor Corporation:
*[[Eiji Toyoda]] (1981)
*Shoichiro Toyoda (1982-1992)

CEO of Toyota Motor Corporation:
*Dr. Tatsuro Toyoda (1992-1995)
*Hiroshi Okuda (1995-1999)
*Fujio Cho (1999-2005)
*Katsuaki Watanabe (2005-2009)
*Akio Toyoda (2009-present)

Chairman of Toyota Motor Corporation:
*Shoichiro Toyoda (1992-1999)
*Hiroshi Okuda (1999-2006)
*Fujio Cho (2006-present)

==Company strategy==
{{Main|The Toyota Way}}
Toyota's management philosophy has evolved from the company's origins and has been reflected in the terms "Lean Manufacturing" and |Just In Time Production, which it was instrumental in developing.<ref>Strategos-International. [http://www.strategosinc.com/toyota_production.htm Toyota Production System and Lean Manufacturing].</ref> Toyota's managerial values and business methods are known collectively as the Toyota Way.

In April 2001 the Toyota Motor Corporation adopted the "Toyota Way 2001," an expression of values and conduct guidelines that all Toyota employees should embrace. Under the two headings of '''Respect for People''' and '''Continuous Improvement,''' Toyota summarizes its values and conduct guidelines with the following '''five principles''':<ref name="ReferenceA">Toyota internal document, "The Toyota Way 2001," April 2001</ref>

*Challenge
*Kaizen (improvement)
*Genchi Genbutsu  (go and see)
*Respect
*Teamwork

According to external observers, the Toyota Way has four components:<ref name="The Toyota Way">Liker, J. 2004. ''The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World's Greatest Manufacturer.''</ref>
# Long-term thinking as a basis for management decisions.
# A process for problem-solving.
# Adding value to the organization by developing its people.
# Recognizing that continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning.

The Toyota Way incorporates the [[Toyota Production System]].

===Operations===
{{Main|Toyota Production System}}

Toyota has long been recognized as an industry leader  in manufacturing and production. Three stories of its origin have been found,{{where}} one that they studied [[Piggly-Wiggly|Piggly-Wiggly's]] [[Just-in-time (business)|just-in-time]] distribution system, one that they followed the writings of [[W. Edwards Deming]], and one that they were given the principles from a WWII US government training program (Training Within Industry). It is possible that all these, and more, are true.{{Vague|date=June 2010}} Regardless of the origin, the principles described by Toyota in its management philosophy, [[The Toyota Way]], are:  Challenge, Kaizen (improvement), Genchi Genbutsu  (go and see), Respect, and Teamwork.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

As described by external observers of Toyota, the principles of the Toyota Way are:<ref name="The Toyota Way"/>
# Base your management decisions on a long-term philosophy, even at the expense of short-term goals
# Create continuous process flow to bring problems to the surface
# Use "pull" systems to avoid overproduction
# Level out the workload
# Build a culture of stopping to fix problems, to get quality right the first time
# Standardized tasks are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee empowerment
# Use visual control so no problems are hidden
# Use only reliable, thoroughly tested technology that serves your people and processes
# Grow leaders who thoroughly understand the work, live the philosophy, and teach it to others
# Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your company’s philosophy
# Respect your extended network of partners and suppliers by challenging them and helping them improve
# Go and see for yourself to thoroughly understand the situation (genchi genbutsu)
# Make decisions slowly by consensus, thoroughly considering all options; implement decisions rapidly
# Become a learning organization through relentless reflection and continuous improvement

[[File:Toyota Group Pavilion.jpg|left|thumb|Toyota Pavilion at the Expo in Aichi]]
Toyota has grown to a large multinational corporation from where it started and expanded to different worldwide markets and countries. It displaced GM and became the world's largest automobile maker for the year 2008. It held the title of the most profitable automobile maker ({{USD|11 billion}} in 2006) along with increasing sales in, among other countries, the United States. The world [[headquarter]]s of Toyota are located in its home country in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Its subsidiary, [[Toyota Financial Services]] sells financing and participates in other lines of business. Toyota brands include [[Scion (car)|Scion]] and [[Lexus]] and the corporation is part of the [[Toyota Group]]. Toyota also owns 51% of [[Daihatsu]], and 16.7% of [[Fuji Heavy Industries]], which manufactures [[Subaru]] vehicles. They also acquired 5.9% of [[Isuzu|Isuzu Motors Ltd.]] on November 7, 2006 and will be introducing Isuzu diesel technology into their products.

Toyota has introduced new technologies including one of the first mass-produced [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] gasoline-electric vehicles, of which it says it has sold 2 million globally as of 2010,<ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i5sNTEbE-M6nvzJZFQUqFcWVq7DA?docId=CNG.617fcb341028c061553240385e14f91f.451 "Toyota: over two million Prius sold since launch"]</ref> [[Advanced Parking Guidance System]] (automatic parking), a four-speed electronically controlled automatic with buttons for power and economy shifting, and an eight-speed automatic transmission. Toyota, and Toyota-produced [[Lexus]] and [[scion (car)|Scion]] automobiles, consistently rank near the top in certain [[quality (business)|quality]] and reliability  surveys, primarily J.D. Power and ''Consumer Reports''<ref name="carquality">{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15638076/ |title=Consumer reports lists Toyota as having the most reliable cars |publisher=MSNBC |date=2006-11-09 |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> although they led in automobile recalls for the first time in 2009.<ref name="2009recalls">{{cite web |url=http://www.freep.com/article/20091230/BUSINESS01/912300358/1210/Business/Toyotas-1st-in-safety-recalls-for-1st-time |title=Toyota's 1st in safety recalls for 1st time |accessdate=2009-12-30 |last=Hyde |first=Justin |date=2009-12-30 |work=freep.com |publisher=[[Detroit Free Press]] }}</ref>

In 2005, Toyota, combined with its half-owned subsidiary [[Daihatsu Motor Company]], produced 8.54 million vehicles, about 500,000 fewer than the number produced by GM that year.  Toyota has a large market share in the United States, but a small market share in Europe. Its also sells vehicles in Africa and is a market leader in Australia.  Due to its [[Daihatsu]] subsidiary it  has significant market shares in several fast-growing Southeast Asian countries.<ref>''Toyota's plan for Lexus is a reminder of its real goal'' (August 1, 2005). Financial Times, p. 16.</ref>

According to the 2008 Fortune Global 500, Toyota Motor is the fifth largest company in the world.  Since the recession of 2001, it has gained market share in the United States. Toyota's market share struggles in Europe where its Lexus brand has three tenths of one percent market share, compared to nearly two percent market share as the US luxury segment leader.

In the first three months of 2007, Toyota together with its half-owned subsidiary [[Daihatsu]] reported number one sales of 2.348 million units.  Toyota's brand sales had risen 9.2% largely on demand for Corolla and Camry sedans.  The difference in performance was largely attributed to surging demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. In November 2006, [[Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas]] added a facility in San Antonio.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601080&sid=aUZ5cZux4ooE&refer=Asia "Toyota Surpasses GM in Global Sales in First Quarter (Update3)"], ''Bloomberg.com, 24 April 2007</ref> Toyota has experienced quality problems and was reprimanded by the government in Japan for its recall practices.<ref>Vella, Matt (July 17, 2006).[http://biz.yahoo.com/weekend/mostrecall_1.html The Most recalled Cars] ''Business Week Online'' at ''Yahoo News''.</ref> Toyota currently maintains over 16% of the US market share and is listed second only to GM in terms of volume.<ref>[http://www.sltrib.com/business/ci_6448042 G.M. narrows sales gap with Toyota on non-U.S. demand – Salt Lake Tribune<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Toyota Century Royal]] is the official state car of the Japanese imperial family, namely for the current Emperor of Japan.

Toyota was hit by the global financial crisis of 2008 as it was forced in December 2008 to forecast its first annual loss in 70 years.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/23/business/23auto.html?_r=1&fta=y |title=Car Slump Jolts Toyota, Halting 70 Years of Gain  |accessdate=2009-01-06 |work=The New York Times | first1=Bill | last1=Vlasic | first2=Martin | last2=Fackler | date=2008-12-23}}</ref>
In January 2009 it announced the closure of all of its Japanese plants for 11 days to reduce output and stocks of unsold vehicles.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/business/worldbusiness/07toyota.html?bl&ex=1231390800&en=be40ce4593ec2976&ei=5087%0A |title=Toyota to Shut Factories for 11 Days  |accessdate=2009-01-06 |work=The New York Times | first=Martin | last=Fackler | date=2009-01-07}}</ref>

Akio Toyoda became the new president and CEO of the company on June 23, 2009 by replacing Katsuaki Watanabe who became the new [[vice chairman]] by replacing [[Katsuhiro Nakagawa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/2009/01/09/Toyota-names-Akio-Toyoda-as-next-president/UPI-99791231535710/ |title=Toyota names Akio Toyoda as next president |publisher=UPI.com |date=2009-01-09 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>

===Worldwide presence===
[[File:Toyota Camry LE.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Toyota Camry|Camry]] is assembled in several facilities around the world including Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Russia, Thailand, India, Vietnam and the United States.]]
Toyota [[List of Toyota manufacturing facilities|has factories]] in most parts of the world, manufacturing or assembling vehicles for local markets. Toyota has manufacturing or assembly plants in Japan, Australia, India, Sri Lanka, Canada, Indonesia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, Colombia, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Brazil, Portugal, and more recently, Argentina, Czech Republic, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, Pakistan, Egypt, China, Vietnam, Venezuela, the Philippines, and Russia.

Toyota's net revenue by geographical regions for the year ended 31 March 2007<ref>[[Wikinvest:stock/Toyota Motor (TM)/Geographic Breakdown#FilingDocumentSection1935890|Breakdown of sales and distribution by geographical markets from company 20Fs]]</ref>

{|
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
||'''Geographic region'''
||'''Total sales ( Yen in millions)'''
|-
| '''Japan'''|| 8,152,884
|-
| '''North America'''|| 8,771,495
|-
| '''Europe'''|| 3,346,013
|-
| '''Asia''' || 1,969,957
|-
| '''Others'''|| 1,707,742
|}

In 2002, Toyota initiated the "Innovative International Multi-purpose vehicle" project (IMV) to optimize global manufacturing and supply systems for pickup trucks and multipurpose vehicles, and to satisfy market demand in more than 140 countries worldwide. IMV called for [[diesel engines]] to be made in Thailand, [[gasoline engine]]s in Indonesia and [[manual transmission]]s in India and the Philippines, for supply to the countries charged with vehicle production. For vehicle assembly, Toyota would use plants in Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina and South Africa. These four main IMV production and export bases supply Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, Latin America and the Middle East with three IMV vehicles: The [[Toyota Hilux|Toyota Hilux (Vigo)]], the [[Toyota Fortuner|Fortuner]], and the [[Toyota Innova]].<ref name="IMV">{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/strategy/imv/index.html |title=TOYOTA: IMV Project |accessdate=2008-02-29 |author= |date= |publisher=Toyota | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080221103404/http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/strategy/imv/index.html| archivedate = February 21, 2008}}</ref>

====North America====
{{Main|Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America}}
[[Toyota Motor North America]] headquarters is located in Torrance, California and operates as a [[holding company]] in North America. Its manufacturing headquarters is located in Hebron, Kentucky, and is known as [[Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America]], or TEMA.

[[File:Toyotadealership.jpg|thumb|left|A Toyota dealership in Fremont, California.]]
[[Toyota Canada Inc.]] has been in production in Canada since 1983 with an aluminium wheel plant in Delta, British Columbia which currently employs a workforce of roughly 260.  Its first vehicle assembly plant, in Cambridge, Ontario since 1988, now produces [[Toyota Corolla|Corolla]] compact cars, [[Toyota Matrix|Matrix]] crossover vehicles and [[Lexus RX 350]] luxury SUVs, with a workforce of 4,300 workers.  Its second assembly operation in Woodstock, Ontario began manufacturing the [[Toyota RAV4|RAV4]] late in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadiandriver.com/forum/index.php?topic=60229 |title=Toyota's Woodstock plant opens |publisher=Canadiandriver.com |date=2008-12-04 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>  In 2006, Toyota's subsidiary [[Hino Motors]] opened a heavy duty truck plant, also in Woodstock, employing 45 people and producing 2000 trucks  annually.<ref>[http://www.hinocanada.com/index-1.html ]</ref>
[[Image:Toyota Technical Center Ann Arbor Twp.JPG|thumb|Toyota Technical Center, Ann Arbor Twp., MI]]
Toyota has a large presence in the United States with five major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama; Georgetown, Kentucky; Princeton, Indiana; San Antonio, Texas; Buffalo, West Virginia.  A new plant in Blue Springs, Mississippi is currently being finished after being put on hold during the recent economic downturn.  The Mississippi operation is scheduled to go online with production in July or August 2011. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at [[NUMMI|New United Motor Manufacturing Inc.]] (NUMMI), in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009.<ref name="Bloomberg20090828">{{cite web
|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aJlxuxndoOsM
|title=Toyota Will Shut California Plant in First Closure
|accessdate=2009-08-29
|date=2009-08-28
|author=Alan Ohnsman and Kae Inoue
|work=Bloomberg.com
}}</ref> It still has a joint-venture with Subaru at [[Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc.]] (SIA), in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the [[Toyota Camry|Camry]] and the [[Toyota Tundra|Tundra]] are manufactured, among others.

Toyota marketing, sales, and distribution in the US are conducted through a separate subsidiary, [[Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.]]. It has started producing larger [[truck]]s, such as the new Tundra, to go after the large truck market in the United States. Toyota is also pushing [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] vehicles in the US such as the [[Toyota Prius|Prius]], Camry Hybrid, Highlander Hybrid, and various [[Lexus]] products.

Toyota has sold more hybrid vehicles in the country than any other manufacturer. Toyota is a public corporation and the company's shares are  traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange. Toyota also sponsors Club Deportivo Guadalajara.

==Product line==
===Electric technology===
[[File:2009 Toyota Prius 01.jpg|right|thumb|thumb|[[Toyota Prius]], flagship of Toyota's hybrid technology]]
{{Main|Hybrid Synergy Drive|Hybrid electric vehicle}}

Toyota is one of the largest companies to push [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] vehicles in the market and the first to commercially mass-produce and sell such vehicles, an example being the [[Toyota Prius]]. The company eventually began providing this option on the main smaller cars such as Camry and later with the [[Lexus]] divisions, producing some hybrid luxury vehicles. It labeled such technology in Toyota cars as "'''Hybrid Synergy Drive'''" and in Lexus versions as "'''Lexus Hybrid Drive'''."

The [[Toyota Prius|Prius]] has become the top selling hybrid car in America. Toyota, as a brand, now has three hybrid vehicles in its lineup: the Prius, Highlander, and [[Toyota Camry Hybrid|Camry]]. The popular minivan Toyota Sienna is scheduled to join the hybrid lineup by 2010, and by 2030 Toyota plans to offer its entire lineup of cars, trucks, and SUVs with a Hybrid Synergy Drive option (Toyota has said it plans to make a hybrid-electric system available on every vehicle it sells worldwide sometime in the 2010s).<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/10/business/10prius.html | work=The New York Times | title=Toyota May Make Prius a Brand and Widen the Model Lineup | first=Micheline | last=Maynard | date=2008-10-10 | accessdate=2010-03-28}}</ref>

[[File:Lexus LS 600h front.JPG|thumb|right|thumb|[[Lexus LS]] 600h hybrid sedan.]]

Worldwide sales of hybrid vehicles produced by Toyota reached 1.0 million vehicles by May 31, 2007, and the 2.0 million mark was reached by August 31, 2009, with hybrids sold in 50 countries.<ref name=KBB1009>{{cite web|url=http://www.kbb.com/kbb/green-cars/articles.aspx?BlogPostId=1664|title=Toyota Global Hybrid Sales Top Two Million Mark|publisher=[[Kelly Blue Book]] Green|accessdate=2009-10-24}}</ref><ref name=Toyota0909>{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2009/09/04/toyota-tops-2-million-hybrid-sales-worldwide/|title=Toyota tops 2 million hybrid sales worldwide|publisher=AutobloGreen|date=2009-09-04|accessdate=2009-10-24}}</ref> Toyota's hybrid sales are led by the Prius, with worldwide cumulative sales of 1.43 million by August 2009.<ref name=KBB1009/> Toyota's CEO has committed to eventually making every car of the company a hybrid vehicle<!-- not in source, and should be changed to reflect worldwide situation anyway: [(though all hybrid versions may not be sold in the US)] -->.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2007/12/31/074153.html |title=A New Year's Greeting from Toyota President Katsuaki Watanabe |publisher=Theautochannel.com |date=2008-01-01 |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mycar.net/toyota1.php |title=Toyota patents |publisher=Mycar.net |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> [[Lexus]] also has their own hybrid lineup, consisting of the [[Lexus GS 450h|GS 450h]], [[Lexus RX 400h|RX 400h]], and launched in 2007, the [[Lexus LS#UVF45/UVF46 (2007)|LS 600h/LS 600h L]].

Toyota and Honda have already said they've halved the incremental cost of electric hybrids and see cost parity in the future (even without incentives).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calcars.org/calcars-news/1025.html |title=Uninformed Wall St. Journal Columnist Critiques Volt; Related GM News |publisher=Calcars.org |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Hybrids are viewed by some [[automobile maker]]s as a core segment of the future vehicle market.<ref name=autonews>{{cite web|url=http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070416/REG/70416014/-1|title=Automotive News – hybrid segment article|publisher=Automotive News|accessdate=}}</ref>

====Plug-in hybrids====
{{Main|Plug-in hybrid}}
[[File:Toyota Prius Plug-In Hybrid IAA 2009.jpg|thumb|Plug-in Prius concept]]
Toyota is currently testing its "Toyota Plug-in HV" in Japan, the United States, and Europe. Like GM's Volt, it uses a [[lithium-ion battery]] pack. The PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) could have a lower environmental impact than existing hybrids.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/tech/environment/phv/conference/ |title=Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle |publisher=TOYOTA |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calcars.org/calcars-news/798.html |title=Report Toyota PHEV Road Test in Japan + Possible Unveiling in Fall |publisher=Calcars.org |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>

On June 5, 2008, [[A123Systems]] announced that its [[Hymotion]] plug-in hybrid conversion kits for the Prius would be installed by six dealers, including four Toyota dealerships: Westboro Toyota in Boston, Fitzgerald Toyota in Washington D.C., Toyota of Hollywood in Los Angeles, and Madison Wisconsin-based Smart Motors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toyota Dealers Sold on Hymotion Plug-In Hybrids |url=http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/toyota-dealers-sold-on-hymotion-plug-in-hybrids-977.html |publisher=greentechmedia.com |date=2008-06-05 |accessdate=2008-07-05}}</ref>

====All-electric vehicles====
Toyota is speeding up the development of vehicles that run only on electricity with the aim of mass-producing them in the early part of this decade. Road tests for the current prototype, called "[[Toyota eCom|e-com]]", had ended in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calcars.org/calcars-news/990.html|title=Toyota Advances PHEVs to Fleets to 2009; Ford Stays on Sidelines|date=2008-08-28|publisher=Cal Cars Initiative|accessdate=2008-09-12}}</ref> Toyota has made many concept electric vehicles, including the [[Toyota FT-EV|FT-EV]] and [[Toyota FT-EV II|FT-EV II]].

In May 2010, Toyota launched a collaboration with [[Tesla Motors]] to create [[electric vehicles]]. Toyota agreed to purchase {{USD|50 million}} of Tesla common stock subsequent to the closing of Tesla's planned initial public offering.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/10/05/0521.html |title=News Releases > Tesla Motors and Toyota Motor Corporation Intend to Work Jointly on EV Development, TMC to Invest in Tesla |publisher=TOYOTA |date=2010-05-21 |accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref> Tesla will buy Toyota's recently closed [[NUMMI]] factory for {{USD|42 million}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_15179997 |title=Tesla to pay $42 million for NUMMI plant - San Jose Mercury News |publisher=Mercurynews.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref><ref name="Tesla 2010-05-20">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-20/toyota-to-acquire-50-million-stake-in-tesla-motors-update1-.html|title=Toyota to Acquire $50 Million Stake in Tesla Motors (Update1)|accessdate=2010-05-20|date=2010-05-20|author=Alan Ohnsman|work=Bloomberg Businessweek}}</ref> Toyota plans to release an electric version of the [[Toyota RAV4|RAV4]] by 2012 using components from Tesla and the platform of the RAV4.
[[Image:Toyota Estima hybrid 01.jpg|thumb|Second generation Toyota Estima Hybrid]]

===Cars===
{{See|List of Toyota vehicles}}
As of 2009, Toyota officially lists approximately 70 different models sold under its namesake brand, including sedans, coupes, vans, trucks, hybrids, and crossovers.<ref name=Toyotaworld>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/about_toyota/in_the_world/pdf2009/line_up_en.pdf |title=Toyota Product Line up 2009 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> Many of these models are produced as passenger sedans, which range from the subcompact [[Toyota Yaris]], to compact [[Toyota Corolla|Corolla]], to mid-size [[Toyota Camry|Camry]], and full-size [[Toyota Avalon|Avalon]].<ref name=Toyotaworld/> Vans include the [[Toyota Previa|Previa/Estima]], [[Toyota Sienna|Sienna]], and others.<ref name=Toyotaworld/> Several small cars, such as the [[Scion xB|xB]] and [[Scion tC|tC]], are sold under the [[Scion (automobile)|Scion]] brand.<ref name=Toyotaworld/>

====SUVs and crossovers====
Toyota crossovers range from the compact [[Toyota Matrix|Matrix]] and [[Toyota RAV4|RAV4]], to midsize [[Toyota Venza|Venza]] and [[Toyota Kluger|Kluger/Highlander]].<ref name=Toyotaworld/>  Toyota SUVs range from the midsize [[Toyota 4Runner|4Runner]] to full-size [[Toyota Land Cruiser|Land Cruiser]].<ref name=Toyotaworld/> Other SUVs include the [[Land Cruiser Prado]] and [[FJ Cruiser]].<ref name=Toyotaworld/>

====Pickup trucks====
{{Globalize|section|date=August 2010}}
[[File:2007-Toyota-Tundra-DoubleCab.jpg|thumb|right|2007 Tundra Double Cab]]

Toyota first entered the [[pickup truck]] market in 1947 with the [[Toyota SB|SB]] that was only sold in Japan and limited Asian markets. It was followed in 1954 by the [[Toyota RK|RK]] (renamed in 1959 as the [[Toyota Stout|Stout]]) and in 1968 by the compact [[Toyota Hilux|Hilux]]. With continued refinment, the Hilux (simply known as the Pickup in some markets) became famous for being extremely durable and reliable, and many of these trucks from as early as the late 1970's are still on the road today, some with over 300,000 miles. Extended and crew cab versions of these small haulers would eventually be added, and Toyota continues to produce them today under various names depending on the market. 

Riding on the success of the compact pickups in the US, Toyota decided to attempt to enter the traditionally domestic-dominated full-size pickup market, introducing the [[Toyota T100|T100]] for the 1993 US model year, with production ending in 1998. While having a bed at the traditional full-size length of 8 feet, the suspension and engine characteristics were still similar to that of a compact pickup. It proved to be as economical and reliable as any typical Toyota pickup, but sales never became what Toyota brass had hoped for. It was criticized as being too small to appeal to the traditional American full-size pickup buyer. Another popular full-size truck essential, a V8 engine, was never available. Additionally, the truck was at first only available as a regular cab, though Toyota addressed this shortcoming and added the Xtracab version in mid-1995.

In 1999 for the 2000 model year, Toyota replaced the T100 with the larger [[Toyota Tundra|Tundra]]. The Tundra addressed criticisms that the T100 did not have the look and feel of a legit American-style full-size pickup. It also added the V8 engine that the T100 was criticized for not having. However, the Tundra still came up short in towing capacity as well as still feeling slightly carlike. These concerns were addressed with an even larger 2007 redesign. A stronger V6 and a second V8 engine among other things were added to the option list. As of early 2010, the Tundra has captured 16 percent of the full-size half-ton market in the US. The all-new Tundra is assembled in  San Antonio, Texas, US. Toyota Motor Corporation assembled around 150,000 Standard and Double Cabs, and only 70,000 Crew Max's in 2007. The smaller Tacoma (which traces its roots back to the original Hilux) is also now produced at the company's San Antonio facility.

Outside the United States, Toyota produces the [[Toyota Hilux|Hilux]] in Standard and double cab, gasoline and diesel engine, 2WD and 4WD versions. The BBC's Top Gear TV show featured 2 episodes of a Hilux that was deemed "virtually indestructible".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/topgear/show/episodes/series3episode5.shtml |title=Top Gear – Episode Archive – Series 3 |publisher=BBC |date=2003-11-23 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>

====Luxury-type vehicles====
{{See|List of Lexus vehicles}}
As of 2009, the company sells nine luxury-branded models under its Lexus division, ranging from the [[Lexus LS|LS]] sedan to [[Lexus RX|RX]] crossover and [[Lexus LX|LX]] SUV.<ref name=Toyotaworld/> Luxury-type sedans produced under the Toyota brand include the [[Toyota Century|Century]], [[Toyota Crown|Crown Royal]], and [[Toyota Crown|Crown Athlete]].<ref name=Toyotaworld/> A limited-edition model produced for the Emperor of Japan is the [[Toyota Century|Century Royal]].

==Motorsport==
{{Main|Toyota in motorsports}}
Toyota has been involved in many global motorsports series. They also represent their Lexus brand in other [[sports car]] racing categories. Toyota also makes engines and other auto parts for other Japanese motorsports including formula Nippon, Super GT, formula 3 and formula Toyota series. Toyota also runs a driver development programme known as TDP ([[Toyota Young Drivers Program]]) which they made for funding and educating future Japanese motorsports talent.<ref name="motorsports2009">{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/09/0316.html|title=Toyota Outlines Motor Sports Activities for 2009|accessdate=2010-01-20|date=2009-03-16}}</ref> [[Toyota Motorsport GmbH]], with and headquarters in Cologn Germany) was previously responsible for Toyota's major motorsports development including Formula One. [[Toyota Motorsport GmbH]] also developed cars for World Rally Championship and Le Mans Series. Toyota enjoyed success in all these motorsports categories. In {{f1|2002}}, Toyota entered Formula One as a constructor and engine supplier, however despite having experienced drivers and a larger budget than many other teams, they failed to match their success in other categories, with five second places their best results. On 4 November 2009 Toyota announced they were pulling out of the sport due to the global economic situation.

===TRD===
[[Toyota Racing Development]] was brought about to help develop true high performance racing parts for many Toyota vehicles.  TRD has often had much success with their after market tuning parts, as well as designing technology for vehicles used in all forms of racing.[[TRD]] is also responsible for Toyota's involvement in NASCAR motorsports.

==Non-automotive activities==
===Aerospace===
Toyota is a minority shareholder in Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation, having invested {{USD|67.2&nbsp;million}} in the new venture which will produce the [[Mitsubishi Regional Jet]], slated for first deliveries in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ce.cn/World/biz/200805/23/t20080523_15587864.shtml |title=Toyota to sink $67.2 mln in Mitsubishi passenger jet, China Economic Net, May 23, 2008 |publisher=En.ce.cn |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> Toyota has also studied participation in the [[general aviation]] market and contracted with [[Scaled Composites]] to produce a proof-of-concept aircraft, the [[Toyota TAA-1|TAA-1]] in 2002.<ref>[http://www.toyota.com/about/news/corporate/2002/06/21-1-aviation.html Toyota press release of first flight]</ref>

===Philanthropy===
[[File:Toyota museum 026.JPG|thumb|The Toyota Municipal Museum of Art in Aichi, sponsored by the manufacturer]]
Toyota is supporter of the Toyota Family Literacy Program along with National Center for Family Literacy, helping low-income community members for education, [[United Negro College Fund]] (40 annual [[scholarship]]s), [[National Underground Railroad Freedom Center]] ({{USD|1 million}}) among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.com/about/diversity/2001/philanthropy.html|title=Toyota Philanthropy|year=2001|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation|accessdate=}}</ref> Toyota created the [[Toyota USA Foundation]].

===Higher education===
Toyota established the [[Toyota Technological Institute]] in 1981, as Sakichi Toyoda had planned to establish a university as soon as he and Toyota became successful. Toyota Technological Institute founded the [[Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago]] in 2003. Toyota is supporter of the "Toyota Driving Expectations Program," "Toyota Youth for Understanding Summer Exchange Scholarship Program," "Toyota International Teacher Program," "Toyota TAPESTRY," "Toyota Community Scholars" (scholarship for high school students), "United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Internship Program," and "Toyota Funded Scholarship."<ref name="toyota education">{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.com/about/community/education/index.html|title=Toyota Education|year=2001|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation|accessdate=}}</ref> It has contributed to a number of local education and scholarship programs for the University of Kentucky, Indiana, and others.<ref name="toyota education"/>

===Robotics===
{{Main|Toyota Partner Robot}}
[[File:Toyota Robot at Toyota Kaikan f.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Toyota trumpet-playing robot]]
In 2004, Toyota showcased its trumpet-playing robot.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3501336.stm |title=Technology &#124; Robot trumpets Toyota's know-how |publisher=BBC News |date=2004-03-11 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref> Toyota has been developing multitask robots destined for [[elderly care]], manufacturing, and entertainment. A specific example of Toyota's involvement in robotics for the elderly is the Brain Machine Interface. Designed for use with wheelchairs, it "allows a person to control an electric wheelchair accurately, almost in real-time", with his mind.<ref name="popsci.com.au">{{cite news |title=Toyota Developing A Wheelchair Driven By The Mind |work=PopSci.com.au |date=2009-07-01 |url=http://www.popsci.com.au/scitech/article/2009-06/toyota-developing-wheelchair-driven-mind |accessdate = 2009-07-01}}</ref> The thought controls allow the wheelchair to go left, right and forward with a delay between thought and movement of just 125&nbsp;milliseconds.<ref name="popsci.com.au"/>

===Finance===
Toyota [[Financial Services]] Corporation provides financing to Toyota customers.

===Agricultural biotechnology===
Toyota invests in several small start-up businesses and partnerships in [[biotechnology]], including:

* P.T. Toyota Bio Indonesia in [[Lampung]], [[Indonesia]]
* Australian Afforestation Pty. Ltd. in Western Australia and [[Southern Australia]]
* Toyota Floritech Co., Ltd. in [[Rokkasho, Aomori|Rokkasho-Mura]], [[Kamikita District, Aomori|Kamikita District]], [[Aomori Prefecture]]
* Sichuan Toyota Nitan Development Co., Ltd. in [[Sichuan]], China
* [[Toyota Roof Garden Corporation]] in [[Miyoshi, Aichi|Miyoshi-Cho]], [[Aichi Prefecture]]

==Financial information==
Toyota is publicly traded on the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange|Tokyo]], [[Osaka Stock Exchange|Osaka]], [[Nagoya Stock Exchange|Nagoya]], [[Fukuoka]], and [[Sapporo Stock Exchange|Sapporo]] exchanges under company code {{Tyo|7203}}. In addition, Toyota is foreign-listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] under {{nyse|TM}} and on the [[London Stock Exchange]] under {{Lse|TYT}}.  Toyota has been publicly traded in Japan since 1949 and internationally since 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/ir/faq/share.html |title=Toyota for investors, Frequently Asked Questions |accessdate=2008-07-11 |work=Toyota Motor Corporation Global Site|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2007-02-02 }}</ref>

As reported on its consolidated financial statements, Toyota has 540 consolidated subsidiaries and 226 affiliates.

* [[Toyota Motor North America]] (100% – 2004)
* [[Toyota Canada Inc.]] owned via [[Toyota Motor North America]]
* [[Toyota Tsusho]] – Trading company for the Toyota Group
* [[Daihatsu Motor Company]] (51.2% – March 31, 2006)
* [[Lexus]] 100% (1989)
* [[Scion (automobile)|Scion]] 100% (2003)
* [[DENSO]] (24.74% – September 30, 2006)
* [[Toyota Industries]] (23.51% – March 31, 2006)
* [[Aisin Seiki Co.]] (23.0% – September 30, 2006)
* [[Fuji Heavy Industries]] (16.66% – June 28, 2008)
* [[Isuzu Motors]] (5.9% – November 10, 2006)
* [[PT Toyota Astra Motor]] (49% – 2003)
* [[PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia]] (95% – 2003)

===Government bailouts===
Toyota's financial unit has asked for an emergency loan from a state-backed lender on March 16, 2009, with reports putting the figure at more than {{USD|3 billion}}. It says the international financial situation is squeezing its business, forcing it to ask for an emergency loan from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. It is the first time the state-backed bank has been asked to lend to a Japanese car manufacturer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/03/03/2506461.htm |title=Japan asked to bail out Toyota – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=2009-03-03 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>

==Production and sales numbers==
[[File:Toyota sales.gif|thumb|right|Typical breakdown of sales by region]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Calendar Year
! colspan=2 | Total
! colspan=2 | Japan
! United States
|-
! Production
! Sales
! Production
! Sales
! Sales
|-
| 1935
|
|
| 20
|
|
|-
| 1936
|
|
| 1,142
|
|
|-
| 1937
|
|
| 4,013
|
|
|-
| 1938
|
|
| 4,615
|
|
|-
| 1939
|
|
| 11,981
|
|
|-
| 1940
|
|
| 14,787
|
|
|-
| 1941
|
|
| 14,611
|
|
|-
| 1942
|
|
| 16,302
|
|
|-
| 1943
|
|
| 9,827
|
|
|-
| 1944
|
|
| 12,720
|
|
|-
| 1945
|
|
| 3,275
|
|
|-
| 1946
|
|
| 5,821
|
|
|-
| 1947
|
|
| 3,922
|
|
|-
| 1948
|
|
| 6,703
|
|
|-
| 1949
|
|
| 10,824
|
|
|-
| 1950
|
|
| 11,706
|
|
|-
| 1951
|
|
| 14,228
|
|
|-
| 1952
|
|
| 42,106
|
|
|-
| 1953
|
|
| 16,496
|
|
|-
| 1954
|
|
| 22,713
|
|
|-
| 1955
|
|
| 22,786
|
|
|-
| 1956
|
|
| 46,716
|
|
|-
| 1957
|
|
| 79,527
|
|
|-
| 1958
|
|
| 78,856
|
|
|-
| 1959
|
|
| 101,194
|
|
|-
| 1960
|
|
| 154,770
|
|
|-
| 1961
|
|
|210,937
|
|
|-
| 1962
|
|
| 230,350
|
|
|-
| 1963
|
|
| 318,495
|
|
|-
| 1964
|
|
|425,764
|
|
|-
| 1965
|
|
| 477,643
|
|
|-
| 1966
|
|
| 587,539
|
|
|-
| 1967
|
|
| 832,130
|
|
|-
| 1968
|
|
| 1,097,405
|
|
|-
| 1969
|
|
| 1,471,211
|
|
|-
| 1970
|
|
| 1,609,190
|
|
|-
| 1971
|
|
| 1,955,033
|
|
|-
| 1972
|
|
| 2,087,133
|
|
|-
| 1973
|
|
| 2,308,098
|
|
|-
| 1974
|
|
| 2,114,980
|
|
|-
| 1975
|
|
| 2,336,053
|
|
|-
| 1976
|
|
| 2,487,851
|
|
|-
| 1977
|
|
| 2,720,758
|
|
|-
| 1978
|
|
| 2,929,157
|
|
|-
| 1979
|
|
| 2,996,225
|
|
|-
| 1980
|
|
| 3,293,344
|
|
|-
| 1981
|
|
| 3,220,418
|
|
|-
| 1982
|
|
| 3,144,557
|
|
|-
| 1983
|
|
| 3,272,335
|
|
|-
| 1984
|
|
| 3,429,249
|
|
|-
| 1985
|
|
| 3,665,622
|
|
|-
| 1986
|
|
| 3,660,167
|
|
|-
| 1987
|
|
| 3,638,279
|
|
|-
| 1988
|
|
| 3,956,697<ref name="Outline1998">{{cite journal | author=Toyota Motor Corporation| title=Outline of Toyota| year=1998}}</ref>
| 2,120,273<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1989
|
|
| 3,975,902<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,308,863<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1990
|
|
| 4,212,373<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,504,291<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1991
|
|
| 4,085,071<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,355,356<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1992
|
|
| 3,931,341<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,228,941<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1993
|
|
| 3,561,750<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,057,848<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1994
|
|
| 3,508,456<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,031,064<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1995
|
|
| 3,171,277<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,060,125<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1996
|
|
| 3,410,060<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,135,276<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1997
|
|
| 3,502,046<ref name="Outline1998" />
| 2,005,949<ref name="Outline1998" />
|
|-
| 1998
| 5,210,000<ref name=ToyotaOICACY1998>{{cite web|url=http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/cl98cons2.pdf|title=World motor vehicle production by manufacturer
|publisher=OICA |date= 1999-06-01|accessdate=2010-05-30|note=Toyota and Daihatsu}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1999
| 5,462,000<ref name=ToyotaOICACY1999>{{cite web|url=http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/cl99cons2.pdf|title=World motor vehicle production by manufacturer
|publisher=OICA |date= 2000-06-01|accessdate=2010-05-30|note=Toyota and Daihatsu}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|-
| 2000
| 5,954,723<ref name=ToyotaOICACY2000>{{cite web|url=http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/worldranking2000.pdf|title=World motor vehicle production by manufacturer
|publisher=OICA |date= 2001-06-01|accessdate=2010-05-30|note=Toyota, Daihatsu, Hino}}</ref>
|
|
|
| 1,619,206<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/01/03/034042.html |title=Toyota Sets Sales Record for Sixth Year in a Row |publisher=Theautochannel.com |date=2004-11-17 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| 5,847,743<ref name=ToyotaCY2001>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/02/0124.html|title=Overseas Production Up in CY 2001|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date= 2002-01-24|accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref>
|
| 4,046,637<ref name=ToyotaCY2001/>
| 2,291,503<ref name=ToyotaCY2001/>
| 1,741,254
|-
| 2002
| 6,309,307<ref name=ToyotaCY2002>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/03/0127.html|title=Overseas Production Continues to Climb in CY2002|date= 2003-01-27|accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref>
|
| 4,138,873<ref name=ToyotaCY2002/>
| 2,218,324<ref name=ToyotaCY2002/>
| 1,756,127<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/05/175869.html |title=Toyota Announces Best Sales Year in Its 46-Year History, Breaks Sales Record for Eighth Year in a Row |publisher=Theautochannel.com |date=2004-11-17 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| 6,826,166<ref name=ToyotaCY2003>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/04/0126.html|title=Worldwide Production Up in CY2003|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2004-01-26 |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref>
|
| 4,244,667<ref name=ToyotaCY2003/>
| 2,305,635<ref name=ToyotaCY2003/>
| 1,866,314
|-
| 2004
| 7,547,177<ref name=ToyotaCY2004>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/05/0125.html|title=Worldwide Production and Sales Continue to Increase|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2005-01-25 |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref>
|
| 4,454,212<ref name=ToyotaCY2004/>
| 2,387,556<ref name=ToyotaCY2004/>
| 2,060,049<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/01/04/205039.html |title=Toyota Reports 2005 and December Sales |publisher=Theautochannel.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| 8,232,143<ref name=ToyotaCY2005>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/06/0126.html|title=TMC Announces Results for December 2005 and CY2005|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2006-01-26 |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref>
|
| 4,611,076<ref name=ToyotaCY2005/>
| 2,368,817<ref name=ToyotaCY2005/>
| 2,260,296
|-
| 2006
|9,017,786<ref name=ToyotaCY2006>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/07/0126.html|title=TMC Announces Results for December 2006 and CY2006|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2007-01-26 |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref>
|
| 5,085,600<ref name=ToyotaCY2006/>
| 2,368,706<ref name=ToyotaCY2006/>
| 2,542,524<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2008/01/03/074293.html |title=Toyota Reports 2007 and December Sales |publisher=Theautochannel.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>
|-
| 2007
| 9,497,754<ref name=ToyotaCY2007>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/08/0128.html|title=TMC Announces Results for December 2007 and CY2007|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2008-01-28 |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref>
|
| 5,119,631<ref name=ToyotaCY2007/>
| 2,261,515<ref name=ToyotaCY2007/>
| 2,620,825
|-
| 2008
| 9,225,236<ref name=ToyotaCY2008>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/09/0128.html|title=TMC Announces Results for December 2008 and CY2008|publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2009-01-28 |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref>
|
| 4,911,861<ref name=ToyotaCY2008/>
| 2,153,197<ref name=ToyotaCY2008/>
| 2,217,662<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2009/01/05/346214.html |title=Toyota Reports 2008 and December Sales |publisher=Theautochannel.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| 7,234,439<ref name=ToytaCY2009>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/10/01/0125.html |title=TMC Announces Results for December 2009 and CY2009  |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2010-01-25 |accessdate=2010-05-29}}</ref>
|
| 3,543,199<ref name=ToytaCY2009/>
| 1,996,174<ref name=ToytaCY2009/>
| 1,770,147<ref name=ToytaUSA2009>{{cite web|url=http://www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100105/DATACENTER/100109968 |title=Data Center: U.S. total vehicle sales by make, Dec. & YTD |publisher=Automotive News |date=2010-01-11 |accessdate=2010-05-29}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| 8,557,351 <ref name=TTAC_Top_3>{{cite news| url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2011/01/ttac-announces-the-top-3-automakers-of-2010-now-with-official-numbers/| publisher=The Truth About Cars | title=TTAC Announces The Top 3 Automakers Of 2010 | date=2010-07-27 | accessdate=2011-01-27}}</ref>
| 8,418,000 <ref name=ToyotaCY2010sales>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/11/01/0124.pdf |title=Toyota Announces Sales Results for 2010  |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2011-01-24 |accessdate=2011-01-27}}</ref>
| 4,047,343 <ref name=ToyotaCY2010production>{{cite web|url=http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/news/11/01/0127.html|title=Toyota Announces Results for December 2010 and CY2010  |publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation |date=2011-01-27 |accessdate=2011-01-27}}</ref>
| 2,203,849 <ref name="ToyotaCY2010production"/>
|  1,763,595 <ref name=ToyotaCY2010USA>{{cite web|url=http://pressroom.toyota.com/pr/tms/toyota-reports-december-and-2010-190021.aspx|title=Toyota Reports December and 2010 Sales  |publisher=Toyota Motors Sales, U.S.A., Inc. |date=2011-01-04 |accessdate=2011-01-27}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=2 | Calendar Year
! Production
! Sales
! Production
! Sales
! Sales
|-
! colspan=2 | Total
! colspan=2 | Japan
! United States
|}

Japan production numbers 1937 to 1987.<ref name="fiftyyears">{{cite book | title=Toyota: A history of the First 50 Years| year=1988| publisher=Toyota Motor Corporation| isbn=0-517-61777-3}}, p461.</ref> Global production since 1998, global and Japanese production, Japanese sales since 2001 consolidated incl. Daihatsu and Hino.
{{Clear}}

==Environmental record==

The Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) has been a leader in environmentally friendly vehicle technologies, most notably the [[RAV4 EV]] (produced from 1997 to 2003) and the [[Toyota Prius]] (1997 to present). Toyota is now working on their next generation Prius and second generation RAV4 EV both due out in 2012. 

Toyota implemented its Fourth Environmental Action Plan in 2005. The plan contains four major themes involving the environment and the corporation's development, design, production, and sales.  The five-year plan is directed at the, "arrival of a revitalized recycling-based society."<ref>[http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=10041 Toyota Outlines Fourth Toyota Environmental Action Plan] japancorp.net May 13, 2005 retrieved April 30, 2008</ref> Toyota had previously released its Eco-Vehicle Assessment System (Eco-VAS) which is a systematic [[life cycle assessment]] of the effect a vehicle will have on the environment including production, usage, and disposal.  The assessment includes, "... fuel efficiency, emissions and noise during vehicle use, the disposal recovery rate, the reduction of substances of environmental concern, and [[Greenhouse gas|CO2 emissions]] throughout the life cycle of the vehicle from production to disposal."<ref>[http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=5287 Toyota Unveils "Eco-VAS" for Environmental Assessment] Japan's Corporate News June 16, 2003 retrieved 30 April 2008</ref> 2008 marks the ninth year for Toyota's Environmental Activities Grant Program which has been implemented every year since 2000. Themes of the 2008 program consist of "Global Warming Countermeasures" and "Biodiversity Conservation."<ref>[http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=17892 Toyota Environmental Activities Grant Program Accepting Applications] Japan's Corporate News Apr 25, 2008 retrieved 30 April 2008</ref>

Since October 2006, Toyota's new Japanese-market vehicle models with automatic transmissions are equipped with an Eco Drive Indicator.  The system takes into consideration rate of acceleration, engine and transmission efficiency, and speed.  When the vehicle is operated in a fuel-efficient manner, the Eco Drive Indicator on the instrument panel lights up.  Individual results vary depending on traffic issues, starting and stopping the vehicle, and total distance traveled, but the Eco Drive Indicator may improve fuel efficiency by as much as 4%.<ref>[http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=13465 Toyota to Introduce Eco Drive Indicator; New Feature Aims to Encourage Environmentally Considerate Driving] JCN Newswire Sept 29, 2006 retrieved 30 April 2008</ref> Along with Toyota's eco-friendly objectives on production and use, the company plans to donate {{USD|1 million}} and five vehicles to the Everglades National Park.  The money will be used to fund environmental programs at the park.  This donation is part of a program which provides {{USD|5 million}} and 23 vehicles for five national parks and the National Parks Foundation.<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/prnewswire/200805061000PR_NEWS_USPR_____LATU077.htm Toyota Announces Million Dollar Donation to Everglades National Park]. cnn.money May 06, 2008 retrieved same day</ref> However new figures from the [[United States National Research Council]] show that the continuing hidden [[health]] costs of the auto industry to the US economy in 2005 amounted to {{USD|56 million}}.<ref name="WorldChanging20091021">{{cite web|url=http://worldchanging.com/archives/010651.html|title=New Study Shows $56 Billion in Hidden Health Damage From Autos|accessdate=2009-10-23|date=2009-10-21}}</ref>

The United States EPA has awarded Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc (TEMA) with a ENERGY STAR Sustained Excellence Award in 2007, 2008 and 2009 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://pressroom.toyota.com/pr/tms/manufacturing/TYT2007032011455.aspx?ncid=12042 |title=Manufacturing & Engineering : EPA Recognizes Toyota with 2007 Energy Star Sustained Excellence Award / Toyota |publisher=Pressroom.toyota.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pressroom.toyota.com/pr/tms/manufacturing/TYT2008041488186.aspx?ncid=12042 |title=Manufacturing & Engineering : EPA Recognizes Toyota with 2008 Energy Star Sustained Excellence Award / Toyota |publisher=Pressroom.toyota.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=labeled_buildings.showplantProfile&plantprofile_id=50 |title=NUMMI Truck Plant : ENERGY STAR |publisher=Energystar.gov |date= |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>

In 2007, Toyota's [[Corporate Average Fuel Economy]] (CAFE) fleet average of {{convert|26.69|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}} exceeded all other major manufactures selling cars within the United States. Only [[Lotus Cars]] which sold the [[Lotus Elise|Elise]] and [[Lotus Exige|Exige]] powered by Toyota's ''[[Toyota ZZ engine|2ZZ-GE]]'' engine did better with an average of {{convert|30.2|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abuelsamid |first=Sam |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2008/07/25/toyota-tops-big-company-cafe-ratings-for-2007-model-year-with-29/ |title=Toyota tops big company CAFE ratings for 2007 model year with 29.69 mpg — Autoblog |publisher=Autoblog.com |date=2008-07-25 |accessdate=2009-07-25}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Toyota}}

<!--historical events should be put in [[History of Toyota]], only a single paragraph summary here -->
Toyota started in 1933 as a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of automobiles under the direction of the founder's son, [[Kiichiro Toyoda]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/history/1867.html |title=Toyota Company History from 1867 to 1939 |publisher=Toyota.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> Its first vehicles were the [[Toyota A1|A1]] passenger car and the [[Toyota G1|G1]] in 1935. Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent company in 1937. In 2008, Toyota's sales surpassed [[General Motors]], making Toyota number one in the world.<ref name="MSN Money 2008">{{Cite news| last=Strott| first=Elizabeth| work=MSN Money| url=http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/Dispatch/Toyota-takes-sales-crown-from-GM.aspx| title=Toyota Takes Sales Crown from GM |publisher= [[Microsoft Money]]| date=January 21, 2009| accessdate=June 1, 2009}}</ref>

===Recent company developments===
<!-- this section is meant to cover any big events that are in the news. After a few months items here should be moved into [[History of Toyota]] -->


====2007–2011 financial crisis====
On May 8, 2009, Toyota reported a record annual net loss of {{USD|4.2 billion}}, making it the latest automobile maker to be severely affected by the financial crisis of 2007–2011.

====2009–2010 vehicle recalls====

{{Main|2009–2010 Toyota vehicle recalls}}
From November 2009 through the first quarter of 2010, Toyota recalled more than 8 million (accounts differ) cars and trucks worldwide in several recall campaigns, and briefly halted production and sales.<ref>[http://www.freep.com/article/20100506/BUSINESS01/5060473/Toyota-recall-fixes-approach-3-million ]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/19/business/19toyota.html | work=The New York Times | title=Toyota Pays Its $16.4 Million Fine Over Pedals | first=Micheline | last=Maynard | date=2010-05-18}}</ref> The US Sales Chief, James Lentz, was questioned by the United States Congress committees on Oversight and Investigations on February 23, 2010, as a result of recent recalls.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://money.cnn.com/2010/02/23/autos/Toyota_recall_hearing/index.htm?hpt=T1 | work=CNN | title=Witnesses: Toyota problems could be electronics | date=2010-02-23 | accessdate=2010-05-25 | first=Peter | last=Valdes-Dapena}}</ref> On February 24, 2010, Toyota CEO Akio Toyoda testified before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/toyota-ceo-akio-toyodas-testimony-congress/story?id=9924855 |title=Toyota CEO Akio Toyoda's Testimony Before Congress - ABC News |publisher=Abcnews.go.com |date=2010-02-24 |accessdate=2010-08-29}}</ref> On 6 April 2010, The US government sought a record penalty of {{USD|16.375 million}} from Toyota for its delayed response in notifying the [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] regarding the defective accelerator pedals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/automotive/2010/04/penalty-toyota-accelerator|title=US seeks $16m fine from Toyota |publisher=New Statesman}}</ref> On 18 May 2010, Toyota paid the fine without an admission of wrongdoing.<ref name="AP fine">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/05/18/business/main6495670.shtml|title=AP: Toyota Has Paid $16.4M Fine to U.S.|accessdate=1 June 2010|date= 18 May 2010|publisher=AP via CBS News}}</ref><ref name="CNN fine">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/04/18/toyota.fine/index.html|title=U.S. official: Toyota indicates it will pay $16.4 million fine|accessdate=2010-04-19|date=2010-04-19|work=CNN}}</ref><ref name="LA Times fine">{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-toyota19-2010apr19,0,4894418.story|title=Toyota agrees to pay fine for delaying disclosure of gas pedal defects|accessdate=2010-04-19|date=2010-04-19|author=Ralph Vartabedian and Ken Bensinger|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The record fine and the high profile hearings caused accusations of conflict of interest.  Senior managing director Takahiko Ijichi said that recall-related costs in the financial year that ended March 2010 totaled {{USD|1.93 billion}} ({{yen|180 billion}}).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20100511/bs_afp/japancompanyearningsautotoyota_20100511082232|title=
Toyota returns to profit despite recall crisis |accessdate= 1 June 2010|publisher=AFP|date=11 May 2010}}</ref>

====2011 Workers Strike in France ====
On March 31, 2011, the Toyota Factory in Onnaing, France, was hit by a strike of several hundred workers asking for more pay. <ref>
{{cite news
|url= http://www.lavoixeco.com/actualite/Secteurs_activites/Automobile/Constructeurs/2011/04/01/article_apres-toyota-boshoku-somain-l-usine-toyo.shtml
|title= Après Toyota Boshoku Somain, l'usine Toyota à Onnaing est en grève
|accessdate= 5 avril 2011}}
; </ref>
<ref>
{{cite news
|url= http://grevetoyota.blogspot.com/
|title= Toyota Striker's blog
|accessdatele= 5 avril 2011}}
; </ref>.

==See also==
{{Portal box|Companies|Japanese Car}}
* The [[Toyota Group]]
* [[List of Toyota vehicles]]
* [[List of Toyota engines]]
* [[List of Toyota manufacturing facilities]]
* [[Toyota transmissions|List of Toyota transmissions]]
* [[Toyota Production System]]
* [[Toyota Verblitz]], the company's rugby team
* [[Nagoya Grampus]], formerly the company's football (soccer) club and still sponsored by them
* [[Toyota War]], a conflict between Libya and Chad which saw a heavy use of Toyota's [[pickup trucks]].

==References==
{{wikipedia}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
* [http://www.canadiandriver.com/news/040105-13.htm 2005 Toyota Highlander Hybrid.] Retrieved January 11, 2004 from CanadianDriver Communications, Inc. (2004)
* [http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/pdf/2005/toyota_up_close0511.pdf Toyota up close] Sales figures of Toyota.
* [http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006&sid=a_zhJuk2gAn8 Toyota becomes 3rd ranked US automaker behind GM and Ford] Bloomberg Report.
*[http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/autos_reliability_dc Consumer Reports reverses practice of automatically recommending all new Toyota cars and trucks], Oct 16, 2007 ("Consumer Reports will no longer recommend any new or redesigned Toyota-built models without reliability data on a specific design," the publication said in a statement. "Previously, new and redesigned models were recommended because of the automaker's excellent track record.")
* [http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/49151/story.htm Toyota Struggles to Meet Hybrid, Small Car Demand]

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikinews|Category:Toyota}}
* [http://www.toyota-global.com/ Toyota Global] - [[English language|English]]
* [http://www.toyota.co.jp/ Toyota Japan] - [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
* [http://www.toyota.co.jp/Museum/ Toyota Automobile Museum in Aichi, Japan]
* [http://www.toyota-motorsport.com/ Toyota Motorsport GmbH official site, in English]

{{Truck manufacturers}}
{{Engine manufacturers}}
{{Modern North American Toyota vehicles}}
{{Modern North American Toyota trucks}}
{{Toyota road cars timeline, 1985-date}}
{{Lexus}}
{{Toyota cars}}
{{Japanese Automobile Industry}}